Blood Promise Chapter Fourteen

The experience with Denis left me considerably more confounded than previously. It was a stunning representation of Mark's notice, a sign of what I also may become in the event that I wasn't cautious. I wasn't generally equivalent to Denis, right? I wasn't erratically looking for risk. I was looking for danger†¦ well, which is as it should be. I needed to satisfy the guarantee I'd made to discover Dimitri. Possibly it was self-destructive and I was just misleading myself into speculation it was respectable. Viktoria left me little chance to ruminate. Later that night, as the family was settling down in the lounge room after an abundant excess food, she talkatively asked Olena, â€Å"Can I head toward Marina's? She's hosting a get-together before we return to school.† Goodness. It looked like Abe and the Alchemists weren't the main ones keeping privileged insights around here. I looked among Olena and Viktoria's countenances, inquisitive concerning how this would play out. Olena and Yeva were both sewing, yet Yeva didn't turn upward. Viktoria had spoken in English. Olena's face turned mindful. â€Å"You need to leave early tomorrow to return to school.† â€Å"I know. In any case, I can rest on the transport. Every other person will be there tonight.† â€Å"? ®Everyone else' is certifiably not a persuading argument,† sneered Olena. â€Å"They'll all be worn out tomorrow too,† answered Viktoria, smiling. â€Å"You'll miss your last night with Rose.† â€Å"I'll spend time with her after I get back.† â€Å"Great. Furthermore, remain up even later.† â€Å"Not that late. I'll be back by two.† â€Å"Absolutely not. You'll be back by midnight.† Olena come back to her sewing. However, that had been authorization in the event that I'd at any point heard it. Viktoria took a gander at the clock. It was right around eight thirty. Her face disclosed to me she was distraught about the check in time, yet she evidently chose to take what she could get. Karolina gave us an odd look as we left the room yet stayed quiet. Sonya and Paul, engaged in TV, scarcely saw our flight. I needed to discover what was happening. â€Å"Okay,† I said once we were going upstairs, â€Å"what gives? I figured you weren't going to Marina's.† Viktoria smiled and coaxed me into her room. I'd as of late took in her room used to be Dimitri's, and each time I was in here, I needed to fight the temptation to go cover myself in the bed, despite the fact that I realized the sheets had been washed on many occasions since those days. By one way or another, I could envision them possessing an aroma like Dimitri and feeling warm as if we were both lying there together. â€Å"I'm not.† Viktoria started rifling through her storeroom and pulled out a short, sleeveless red dress with ribbon around the ties. The texture was stretchy - the benevolent that appeared as though it'd show everything. I was stunned when she started putting it on. It was entirely trashy. â€Å"Is this a joke?† Probably not. Viktoria removed her shirt and pants and pulled the dress on. She experienced no difficulty with it, however it was just as tenacious as it had showed up. She wasn't as rounded out as I was on top, yet in a dress that way, it didn't make a difference. â€Å"Okay,† I stated, getting on finally. â€Å"What's his name?† â€Å"Rolan,† she said. â€Å"Oh, Rose. He's astonishing. Furthermore, this is the latest night I'll get the chance to see him before school.† I didn't realize whether to feel cheerful for her or tragic for Nikolai. This Rolan fellow more likely than not been the explanation she was unable to care much about Nikolai. She was absolutely infatuated with another person. In any case, that dress†¦ â€Å"You should truly like him,† I watched dryly. Her eyes extended. â€Å"Do you need to meet him?† â€Å"Er, well, I would prefer not to meddle with your date†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You won't. Simply make a trip and state hello there, okay?† It felt truly meddlesome, yet at the equivalent time†¦ well, I was somewhat inquisitive about a person who could get her to go out in that sort of outfit, especially when she began applying extremely substantial cosmetics: extra-dull eyeliner and brilliant red lipstick. So I consented to meet Rolan, and we went out as unobtrusively as possible. In spite of wearing a coat over her dress, Viktoria still would not like to run into her mom. We headed midtown, following a couple of exciting bends in the road until we wound up behind what resembled a common stockroom in a surrendered piece of town. Everything was calm, however a tall, intense looking dhampir remained by an entryway driving into the structure, his arms crossed before him. Viktoria carried us to a stop close by, saying we needed to hold up there. A moment later, a gathering of Moroi men of blended ages meandered up, visiting and chuckling. The dhampir gave them a quick overview and afterward opened the entryway for them. Light and music spilled out until the entryway shut-and all went quiet once more. â€Å"So this is Baia's mystery dhampir world,† I mumbled. She didn't hear me in light of the fact that out of nowhere, her face lit up. â€Å"There he is!† She highlighted two drawing closer folks. Both were Moroi. All things considered, who knew? Viktoria's mystery beau wasn't a dhampir. I speculated that wasn't excessively stunning, truly, however the manner in which she'd dressed today around evening time despite everything irritated me. She gave him a savage embrace and presented us. His companion was named Sergey, and he grinned amenably before hustling inside where he was clearly meeting a young lady as well. I needed to give Viktoria credit: Rolan was hot. His hair was dim coppery, delicate and wavy. The green of his eyes helped me-horrendously to remember Adrian's. Furthermore, when he grinned at Viktoria, it was stunning. The expression all over was actually similar to Nikolai's at whatever point he was around her. Rolan took a hold of Viktoria's hands and carried them to his lips, kissing every one. Those green, green eyes looked at hers, and he mumbled something I was unable to hear. She reddened and answered in Russian. I didn't require any interpretation to realize the substance was hot and coy. As yet grinning, he looked over at me, and in spite of the fact that she'd presented us, it resembled he was seeing me just because and was intrigued. â€Å"You're new here, aren't you?† he inquired. Viktoria folded her arms over him and laid her head on his chest. â€Å"Rose is visiting. She's a companion of the family.† â€Å"Ah,† he said. â€Å"Now I caught wind of you. I had no clue such a savage Strigoi executioner would be so beautiful.† â€Å"It's a piece of the activity description,† I said dryly. â€Å"Will you be coming back to class with Viktoria?† he inquired. â€Å"No. I'll be remaining here a little longer.† I despite everything did not understand, however, in the event that â€Å"a little longer† was one hour or one year. â€Å"Hmm,† he said keenly. He thought down at Viktoria and squeezed a kiss to her hair, running his fingers along her throat. His next words were to her. â€Å"I'm happy you had the option to come here before you left. I don't have the foggiest idea how I'll get by with you so far away.† She shot. â€Å"There was no chance I could leave without seeing you one more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She trailed off, too defeat with feeling, and as he inclined down, hand still on her throat, I thought for a terrible second that they were going to begin making out without further ado. Luckily, the presence of a drawing nearer dhampir young lady intruded on them. Viktoria parted from Rolan and grasped the other young lady. They clearly hadn't seen each other in some time and visited quickly in Russian, overlooking Rolan and me. Liberated from her for a second, he inclined toward me. â€Å"Once Viktoria has come back to class, you'll be isolated here. Perhaps I could show you around then?† â€Å"Thanks, however I've just observed everything.† He kept that large grin on. â€Å"Of course. All things considered, at that point, maybe we could essentially get together and†¦ talk?† I could barely handle it. This person had his hands all over Viktoria thirty seconds back and was currently attempting to score plans with me the moment she left town. I was sickened and needed to control myself from accomplishing something dumb. â€Å"Sorry, however I don't think I'll be around long enough.† I got the feeling that ladies didn't deny him regularly. He glared and began to dissent, however Viktoria returned and folded herself over him once more. He read me for a few progressively perplexed seconds and afterward moved his consideration regarding her, grinning and turning on the appeal. She gobbled everything up, and keeping in mind that the two attempted to remember me for their discussion, it was clear they were completely caught up in one another. Rolan may be keen on me, however for the time being, she was a simpler objective and one that wouldn't be accessible any longer. I felt that appall bother up in me once more. The more we stood apart there, the more I understood what was happening. All the individuals going inside were Moroi folks or dhampir young ladies. What's more, the young ladies were completely dressed like Viktoria. This was a blood prostitute nook. Out of nowhere, Baia's mystery dhampir world held no intrigue. I abhorred it. I didn't need anything more than to leave. No, pause. I didn't need anything more than to leave and drag Viktoria away, in any event, kicking and shouting. Rolan was unpleasant, no inquiry, and I didn't need her anyplace close to him. However it before long turned out to be clear they weren't going to hang out in the rear entryway throughout the night. They needed to head inside and do God just comprehended what. â€Å"Viktoria,† I stated, attempting to be sensible, â€Å"are you sure you would prefer not to returned home and hang out? That is to say, I won't get the chance to see you tomorrow.† She faltered, at that point shook her head. â€Å"I won't get the chance to see Rolan either. In any case, I guarantee I'll come consider you to be soon as I return home later. We'll remain up throughout the night. Mother won't care.† I didn't have the foggiest idea what different fights to make. Rolan's restlessness, since I'd rejected him, was beginning to appear. He needed to head inside. I considered what was there†¦ a move floor? Rooms? I presumably could have gone with them to see with my own eyes, notwithstanding being underdressed-or, well, embellished the extent that measures of attire went. However I was unable to force myself to do it. For my entire life, I'd been instructed about blood prostitutes and why their li

Race and Ethnicity Essay

?â€Å"ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL FACTORS SUCH AS RACISM AND PUPILS RESPONSES TO RACISM IN CREATING ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT†. (20 MARKS) Ethnic contrasts concerning training accomplishment emerge from various variables these including inward and outside school factors, for example, prejudice, understudy reactions, material and social hardship which is looked by some ethnic gatherings and are the fundamental motivations to clarify why certain ethnic gatherings play out the manner by which they do. Inside this paper I will take a gander at the recently expressed factors and evaluate the significance of them and the amount they really sway on the instructive accomplishment of these ethnic gatherings. Naming and educator bigotry is a factor of prejudice which makes an effect in instructive accomplishment among ethnic gatherings for instance instructors mark Black and Asian understudies as being a long way from the ‘ideal’ student, as Black understudies are believed to be problematic and Asian students as aloof. These negative names may prompt educators treating ethnic minority understudies in an unexpected way, Therefore weaknesses them and coming about to their disappointment. Gillborn and Youdell discovered instructors were faster to train dark understudies than others for the equivalent previously, this is because of educators ‘racialised expectations’, discovered educators anticipated that dark students should introduce more control issues and confounded their conduct as undermining or testing to power. They additionally found that African Caribbean’s as the best starters however turned out to be most exceedingly awful during their GCSEs found that joining negative marks to various ethnic gatherings had negative impacts, this connection in with the unavoidable outcome for the individuals who adjust to this job and the individuals who dismiss it and are thusly fruitful. Student reactions to prejudice likewise decide instructive achievement this upheld by Heidi Safia Mirza who contemplated aspiring dark young ladies who confronted educator bigotry. Young ladies in Mirza’s study neglected to accomplish their desire on the grounds that their adapting methodologies limited their chances and came about in under-accomplishment. Mirza found that bigot educators debilitated dark understudies from being aspiring through the sort of guidance they gave them about vocations and choice decisions. Rather than the Mirza’s study, the Fuller and Mac a Ghaill arrived at the resolutions through their investigation, that understudies may succeed in any event, when they will not accommodate and that negative marking doesn't generally prompt disappointment as the young ladies from the examination had the option to dismiss the names set on them and they stayed resolved to succeed. This recommends instructive accomplishment is dependent on the students reaction to prejudice and how it is managed this either by acknowledgment and accommodating an enemy of school culture thus making an inevitable outcome or by neutralizing the name and accomplishing to an exclusive requirement without pulling in the negative parts of the tutoring condition. Different factors, for example, material and social hardship have been believed to make ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment. The material hardship viewpoint can be clarified through measurements demonstrating kids qualified with the expectation of complimentary school suppers, by ethnic gathering. The most noteworthy positioning ethnic gatherings are Bangladeshis and Pakistanis qualified with the expectation of complimentary school dinners, these disparities equal those seen in instructive accomplishment. For instance Indians and whites by and large have a higher social class position than Bangladeshis and Pakistanis, who frequently face elevated levels of neediness. The material hardship clarification contends that such class contrasts clarify why Bangladeshi and Pakistani students will in general do more regrettable than Indian and white understudies. Social hardship is additionally said to cause contrasts inside accomplishment as scholarly and etymological abilities, perspectives and qualities and family structure all assume key job in deciding instructive achievement. Scholarly and phonetic abilities are esteemed to be the most significant as without this fundamental apparatus kids are destined to under-accomplish as they unequipped for the school as they have not had the option to create thinking and critical thinking aptitudes. Bereiter and Engelmann consider language spoken by low-salary dark American families as insufficient for instructive achievement. Consider it to be ungrammatical, disconnected and unequipped for communicating theoretical thoughts. There has additionally been worry that kids who don't communicate in English at home might be kept down instructively. In any case, the Swann report found that language was not a central point in under-accomplishment, while Gillborn and Mirza note that Indian understudy do very well regardless of regularly not having English as their home language. Mentalities and qualities saw by dark youngsters are viewed as unsuitable by numerous social hardship scholars as their absence of inspiration is the significant reason for their disappointment as they are associated into subculture which doesn't esteem instruction and has fatalistic disposition. Most other kids are associated into the standard philosophy which imparts aspiration, competiveness and eagerness to make the penances for long haul objectives basically prepares them for accomplishment in training. Family structure and parental help, Ken Pryce sees family structure as adding to the under-accomplishment of dark Caribbean students in Britain. From a correlation of dark and Asian understudies, he guarantees that Asians are higher achievers in light of the fact that their way of life is increasingly impervious to prejudice and gives them a more prominent feeling of self-esteem. On the other hand, he contends, dark Caribbean culture is less firm and less impervious to bigotry. Subsequently, many dark students have low confidence and under-accomplish. Contends distinction is the consequence of varying effect of expansionism on the two gatherings. Experience of subjugation was socially obliterating for blacks they lost their language, religion and whole family framework. Asian family structure stays flawless as, dialects and religions were not devastated by pilgrim rule. Sociologists contend prejudice in more extensive society is a factor which limits instructive accomplishment of certain ethnic gatherings this is upheld by David Mason who puts it, ‘discrimination is a proceeding and industrious component of the experience of Britain’s residents of minority ethnic origin’. It is additionally contended by humanist John Rex who shows how racial segregation prompts social avoidance and how this thusly declines the destitution looked by ethnic minorities in lodging for example. There are connections to business likewise as on a premise of last names decide ethnicity and from that some are one-sided towards e. g. when being picked for work and the last names ‘Patel’ and ‘Evans’ have a similar arrangement of capabilities, the organization would be keen on enrolling ‘Evans’ the white up-and-comer more than ‘Patel’ who is from an Indian foundation. This clarifies why individual from ethnic minorities are bound to confront joblessness and low compensation, and this thus negatively affects their children’s instructive possibilities. The finished up judgment recommends that the ethnic contrasts which emerge inside instructive accomplishment are down to a blend of material and social hardship as these are generally compelling in deciding instructive achievement and tending to ethnic contrasts. Some student reactions to prejudice and bigotry likewise can recommend why ethnic contrasts emerge generally however are for the most part reliant on the individual and how he/she sees the instructions framework e. g. either adversely or emphatically because of experience or childhood. This would then at first give a knowledge onto how well the student would perform. Analysis which happen are of internationalist who contend that you can't sum up an entire ethnic gathering as all the various encounters, hence any recommendations made about the entire ethnic gatherings instruction accomplishments could conceivably mirror a genuine picture.

Painkiller Addicts Shifting to Heroin

Painkiller Addicts Shifting to Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Painkiller Addicts Shifting to Heroin By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 29, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery An increase in emergency department visits for a heroin overdose and a rise in the amount of heroin being seized by law enforcement over the past several years has signaled an increase in the use of the drug across the United States. News media outlets throughout the nation have reported a trend toward increased use of heroin observed by healthcare and law enforcement officials. Officials speculated in the media that the reason for the increase was due in part to a nationwide crackdown on prescription drug abuse. The implementation of prescription-tracking programs and the shutting down of known pill mills especially in Florida caused a shortage of prescription painkillers on the street and a corresponding increase in price. With pain pills harder to obtain and more expensive, people who had developed an addiction to the prescription drugs slowly began to turn to heroin, the officials speculated, simply because it was suddenly cheaper and more available. Heroin: Everything You’ve Been Afraid to Ask Shift to Heroin No Longer a Theory Now that theory is no longer speculation but backed up by scientific research, namely a survey of more than 15,000 patients in 49 states who sought treatment for their opioid addiction over a period of almost seven years. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis surveyed 15,227 patients from Jan. 1, 2008 through September 31, 2014. These patients were asked to complete anonymous surveys as they entered non-methadone-maintenance treatment programs throughout the U.S. They were asked about their drugs of choice and patterns of use and abuse. Heroin Use Increased Significantly The participants were also given an opportunity to complete more detailed online interviews about their drug use if they were willing to give up their anonymity. Of the 15,227, only 267 agreed to the online interviews. By 2014, almost 42% of drug users seeking treatment reported that they had taken both heroin and prescription painkillers within a month of entering treatment. In 2008, only 23.6% had reported using both drugs a month prior to treatment. New Transition Toward an Old Drug Over the almost seven years of the study, the survey found that nationwide: Those who abused only prescription opioids declined by 6.1%.Those who abused both prescription drugs and heroin increased by 10.3%.Those who abused only heroin increased by 14.1% Regional Trends Differ in Heroin Use When broken down further by regions of the country, researchers found some variations from the national trend, the researchers reported. On the East and West coasts, combined heroin and prescription drug use have surpassed the exclusive use of prescription opioids, said senior investigator Theodore J. Cicero, Ph.D. This trend is less apparent in the Midwest, and in the Deep South, we saw a persistent use of prescription drugs â€" but not much heroin. Heroin a Supplement to Pain Pills The study found that few who abuse prescription painkillers completely give them up to take up heroin. Instead, most use heroin to supplement their pain pill use. We see very few people transition completely from prescription opioids to heroin; rather, they use both drugs, Cicero said. Theres not a total transition to heroin, I think, because of concerns about becoming a stereotypical drug addict. That may be due to the fact that there is still a significant stigma attached to heroin use, Cicero said. Availability, Cost a Factor in Transition People used to tell us quite often, At least Im not using heroin, when we asked about their drug abuse, Cicero said. But in recent years, many have come to ignore that aversion, both because heroin is cheaper and accessible and because theyve seen friends and neighbors use heroin. But, addiction is addiction. If people who have become addicted to prescription painkillers find them harder to get, they are going to turn somewhere. If users cant get a prescription drug, they might take whatever else is there, and if thats heroin, they use heroin, Cicero said. Those who completed the more detailed online interview, who previously used prescription drugs before using heroin, said they made the transition to heroin for practical reasons â€" accessibility and cost.

Effect Of The Policy On China s Sex Ratio - 982 Words

â€Å"Vigilantes abduct pregnant women on the streets and haul them off, sometimes handcuffed or troused, to abortion clinics (some) aborted babies cry when they are born,† said Steve Mosher. China’s policy was so strict to a point where they prevented a child’s birth just to keep the population number low. Statistics show that the Chinese government prevented over 400 million births. The one-child policy was implemented to curb a then surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources, as well as to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China. One of the most significant effects of the policy has been on China’s sex ratio. China has a grossly unequal ratio of about 114 males to every 100 females. Due to the policy, many families were forced to only having one child. With that, baby boys were valued in China’s society than baby girls because boys carry on the ancestral name and are responsible for taking care of aged parents. Because of this many families would abandon their baby girl, sometimes leaving her on the streets, railways stations, and public buildings. The one-child policy left no more than sad memories for China’s nation. The law consisted of forced abortions and an unbalanced gender society. Although it was meant for the greater good of the people by decreasing the population to increase scarce resources, it caused many girls to be left abandoned by their own families. The one-child policy allowed forced abortions and killedShow MoreRelatedSocial Consequences Of China One Child Policy723 Words   |  3 PagesWhile china One child Policy was aimed for improvement, the policy has caused some serious social consequences. The New England Journal of Medicine s article The Effect of China s One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years discuss the social consequences of Chinas One child policy. The One child policy in china begin when Chinese governments viewed population cont ainment as a benefit for living and economic improvement. They created a one child policy that limits the size of families, the policyRead MoreChina s One Child Policy1745 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s One Child policy is a policy that the Chinese government introduced in 1979 to try and solve the problem of overpopulation. The Policy’s main purpose was to make sure that China could support its large population with facilities such as healthcare, education, housing, good jobs and most importantly, food. The aim was to reduce poverty and to improve overall quality of life for the people. China’s one-child policy has led to unintended and negative consequences, such as a diminishing laborRead MoreChina s One Child Policy1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe one child policy in the Peoples Republic of China has recently been lifted to allowed families to freely have two children rather than one. This policy, introduced to China in the late 1970’s, was due to a mas sive baby boom which had taken place in the 1960’s. In the early to late 1950’s the Chinese government had encouraged its citizens to produce children at a rapid rate in the hope of building a larger work force (Managing Population Change Case Study: China). In order to counteract this boomRead MoreThe One Child Policy Restricted Citizens Of China1104 Words   |  5 Pagesone-child policy restricted citizens of China to one child per family. This family-planning policy was created in 1980 to help a growing population. The effects of this policy included millions of forced abortions and sterilizations (Wong 2). In 2013, the policy was relaxed because the drop in population created an age gap in China. Also the ratio of males to females became unequal. There were up to 116.9 boys for every 100 girls in China (Luo 2). The old continuity was a one-child policy put intoRead MoreThe Vile Practice Of Sex Selection Abortion1273 Words   |  6 Pagesfemales in this world (It ’s a Girl). The number of females missing is so massive that this genocide is now dubbed the gendercide. 80 percent of the 200 million missing females are from two countries, one of them being China (Lee 20). For centuries parents have been trying to choose the sex of their children but the world had never seen anything quite like this genocide ever before. (Sandel 127). This epidemic is so astounding and so large that â€Å"For each decade in the past century, more girls were killedRead MoreThe Impact of China’s One Child Policy1274 Words   |  6 Pages China’s One Child Policy is still a current issue today. Before the policy was created, Mao Tse Dong, was China’s communist leader, who believed in planned births. He wanted the country to go by the slogan â€Å"later, longer, fewer.† This encouraged families to have fewer children, to space the births out longer, and to have them at a later age in life (Nadia 295). He believed that once peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s education increased so would the practice of birth control. This would help lower fertility rate and couldRead MoreSocio-Economic Consequences of China’s ‘One-child per Couple’ Population Policy2118 Words   |  9 Pagespopulation growth began to increase during the Ming Dynasty, and increased dramatically throughout Qing. The population grew around 65million in the late 14th century to more than 400 million in 1949 (Spengler 1962: 112). Since the People Republic of China was founded, Mao had seen the population growth as favorable to industrialization, and he believed that population growth empowered the country (Potts 2006). In the 1950s, the government began to realize that the food supply would soon become insufficientRead MoreEssay The Ethics of Sonography and Gendercide1530 Words   |  7 PagesOne such dilemma is that of selective abortion due to sex preference. In this paper I will discuss the ethics of gendercide and sonography’s affect on this practice Sex-selective abortion is the practice of terminating a pregnancy based on the predicted sex of the fetus. The selective abortion of female fetuses is most common in areas where cultural norms value male children over female children, especially in parts of Taiwan, Korea, China, and India. A 2005 study estimated that over 90 millionRead MoreInfanticide Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesmore likely to be victims of incest and/or become prostitutes. In turn, they warned against having sex with prostitutes because they believed that it may result in a father having sex with one of his own children. However for Christians, as with the Jews, it was considered a criminal act. Female infanticide has been accepted for centuries in many countries, and is more prominent in India and China than in any other countries around the world. It is illegal in India, however it is reported by UnicefRead MoreChina s One Child Policy1925 Words   |  8 Pages It is the most populous country in the world and it is only increasing. The Chinese government has spent more than 40 years trying to slow their population growth. They have done so through their controversial one child policy. There is no denying that China’s one child policy changed the lives of Chinese citizens when it the Chinese Communist Party [CCP] in 1979 as a way of controlling population. Under Mao, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible, believing that

Chapter Study Questions 1 2 Essay - 1109 Words

1. What percentage of Texans live in urban areas (cities suburbs)? 2 90% of the population now lives in crowed cities and suburbs. 2. Name the three cities in Texas that are three of the largest in US? 2 Houston, San Antonio and Dallas 3. What are the three diverse economic businesses in Texas? 4 Oil and gas producer now work alongside high-tech companies, telecommunications giants, and other important business sectors. 4. In what areas does Texas consistently rank at the bottom in state spending compared to other states? 4 Texas consistently ranks near the bottom of the states in spending on education, welfare, and healthcare for poor. 5. Is Texas a high-tax, high-business regulatory state or is it low-tax, low-regulatory? 4†¦show more content†¦8 On might argue that the â€Å"wide-open spaces† of the frontier shaped Texan’s view of their autonomy, independence, and vulnerability. It has clearly shaped attitudes toward land and the legal right to use land as one sees fit. 11. What three combined groups now make up the majority of Texans and how does their historical experiences differ from that of Anglos? What celebration are part of their political culture? 8 African American, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. The white population have limited relevance to the relevance to the cultural and historical experiences of many African American and Hispanic Texans. For African American is Martin Luther King Jr’s birthday as state holiday in 1991. And for Hispanics is the Cinco de Mayo. 12. Just what does political culture mean and describe the individualistic subculture in terms of government size, assistance, politics, and primary goals? 9 Political culture a widely shared set of views, attitudes, beliefs and customs of a people as to how their government should be organized and run. Individualistic subculture holds that politics and government function as a marketplace. Government does not have to be concerned with creating a good or moral society but exists for strictly. Government should be limited, and its intervention in the private activities of its citizens should be kept to a minimum. The Government primary function is to ensure the stability of a society so that individuals canShow MoreRelatedEssay about Week 1 Quiz1488 Words   |  6 Pages1. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is a mental process? Student Answer: INCORRECT thinking feeling reading CORRECT a and b Instructor Explanation: See Chapter 1, p. 4 Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: 2. Question : (TCO 2) Because Timothy was laughed at by his second grade peers, he was reluctant to speak out in class. This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology? Student Answer: INCORRECT describing behavior CORRECTRead MoreTable Of ContentsPrefacexiiiPART ONEThe Strategic Human1743 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Preface xiii PART ONE The Strategic Human Resource Management Model 2 Chapter 1 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Chapter Objectives Challenges Facing Canadian Organizations Spotlight on Ethics: What Is a â€Å"Right† Behaviour? Objectives of Human Resource Management Strategic Human Resource Management The Organization of Human Resource Management The Human Resource Management Profession of the Future The Framework Used in This Book Spotlight on HRM: Will the 21stRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesGender, Age and Culture Instructor: Franà §ois Larose Study Questions Fall 2012 Instructions: In preparation for the exams, here is a list of study questions for each chapter. What you need to know from the text is covered in these questions. For all these chapters, you need to be familiar with the definitions (technical terms) highlighted in the text. Also, while there will be no direct questions on the grey boxes in these chapters, I strongly suggest you read them. They provide real-lifeRead MoreLWC1 Study Guide1467 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿LWC1 STUDY PLAN Before beginning this study plan, it is critical that you have access to both textbooks and the SKillSoft Library. All WGU assessments are created using these textbooks, so they will be your primary resources as you move through this work. When you work through this student plan, type in your answers to the questions below and create a study guide using the key terms from each section. You may also consider using the key terms to create flash cards that can be used as you prepareRead MoreWeek 3 Acct25221194 Words   |  5 PagesACCT2522 Management Accounting 1 Session 1, 2013 Tutorial Week 3 – Cost basics Overall Theme We will explore fundamental assumptions of cost functions and discuss the relationships between cost behaviour, cost estimation and cost prediction. The concept of cost driver analysis and its application to cost estimation and cost management will also be discussed. We will also describe how to estimate cost behaviour using managerial judgment, engineering methods and other quantitative techniques. Read MoreHow Effective Leadership Leads The Great Creativity And Innovation Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages Table of contents Abstract 2 List of Figures 3 List of tables 3 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background (1000words) 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Background to the study 4 1.3 The research problem 4 1.4 Rationale (reason for the study) 4 1.5 Aims and objectives of the study 4 1.6 Research questions 4 1.7 The relevance of the study 4 1.8 Structure of the dissertation 5 Chapter 2 Literature review (3500words) 5 2.1. Introduction 5 2.2. Conclusion 5 Chapter 3 Research methods (1500 words) 5 3.1Read MoreEntrance Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesfilling out the scantron. Arrive on time! Students must bring a #2 pencil in order to fill out the SCANTRON form. The instructor does not provide pencils. Students will be asked to fill in their first and last name and their University ID number (UID #) on the scantron form. It is VERY important to blacken all the bubbles for the UID # correctly! Failure to do so will result in a blank or zero score until the mistake is corrected, as well as a 2-point penalty for failing to follow directions. Note thatRead MoreDivision of Commerce: Information Management991 Words   |  4 Pages| 1. COURSE AIMS The aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge about information management using information systems that enables students to understand and use business intelligence tools in government, business organizations and the society. 2. COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (CILOs) Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Identify the basic components of a computer system and the concepts of information system. 2. AnalyzeRead MoreConcrete And Concrete Of Concrete Materials978 Words   |  4 Pagesengineer, a detail study must be done on this concept to know about the benefits, methods and also the limitations of this concept. 1.3 Aim and objectives of the research The main aim of this research work is to know about the eco friendly concrete. The objectives of this research work are given below: 1. To study about the eco – friendly concrete. 2. To know the benefits of eco – friendly concrete. 3. To analyse the effectiveness of eco – friendly concrete. 1.4 Research questions After studying theRead MoreTuck Everlasting1373 Words   |  6 Pagessentences Materials Needed 1) Novel 2) Vocabulary journals 3) Writing journals 4) Paper 5) Pencil 6) Study guide questions 7) Dictionaries Day one: Monday-Prologue-chapter 5 *Start the lesson with asking the students to write a pro and con list about living forever? Would they want to live forever why or why not? * Have students fill out the anticipatory guide activity *give students the list of vocabulary words from prologue to chapter 5 *Before the students look

Land Acquisition in Zambia Free Essays

string(54) " medium to high potential for agriculture production\." Due to the effects of food price crisis of 2007-2008, there was growing concern among the nations about the food security. There was surge in demand for food products by the food importing countries and subsequently food-producing countries imposed some restrictions on the food exports of food grains. In order to meet the growing demand of food and face increasing pressures on natural resources and water scarcity, the countries with land and water constraints needed an alternative means of producing food. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Acquisition in Zambia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acquisition of farmland in the developing countries by these countries seeks to ensure food security. More on the land acquisition drive) These investments are not driven by the notion of comparative advantage in the large-scale production of indigenous crop (Mann and Smaller; 1; January 2010). The higher oil prices in 2007-2008 were another driver, which triggered interest of developed countries to acquire land for energy crops. Global financial crisis also encouraged investors to invest in foreign lands. The value of both food and fertile land was set to increase, making them an attractive new investment. Budgetary resources in developing countries may not be enough to meet infrastructural investment required to use the land to its potential. Some developing countries are seeking foreign investment to exploit their surplus land which is currently unused or under-utilized. This may lead to creation of jobs in rural areas and there may also be investment in health and education sector. Technology transfer by the investor countries may lead to increase in farm productivity. However these investments are not without trade offs. There are concerns about the impact on local poor people, who lack access to and control over land on which they depend. There can be local unemployment because of projects with imported workforce and high degree of mechanization. It will also lead to increase in regional land prices through soaring competition with regard to acreage and resources, and thus less access of land to poor people. Foreign investors can also emerge as strong competitors to local producers, especially small households. There is also risk of land conflicts in territories without well defined land titles (Bicker and Breuer; 37; April 2009). In some cases, the land leases are justified on the basis that the land being acquired by the foreign investor is â€Å"unproductive† or â€Å"underutilized. † However, there may be that the land is being used by poor for purposes such as grazing animals and gathering fuel wood or medicinal plants. These uses tend to be undervalued in official assessments because they are not marketed, but they can provide valuable livelihood sources to the poor. †(Von Braun and Meinzen-Dick; 2; April 2009) Large-scale land acquisitions may further jeopardize the welfare of the poor by depriving them of the safety-net function of this type. There can be misappropriation of arable land, displacement of indigenous people without compensation and migration to cities. So it is crucial to ensure that these land deals, and the environment within which they take place, are designed in a ways that will reduce the threats and facilitate the â€Å"win-win† situation for all the parties involved. According to Sustainable development innovation briefs (January 2010), â€Å"There are three sources of law governing foreign investment in agricultural land. 1) Domestic law 2) International investment contract 3) International investment agreements (IIAs) According to Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives of Republic of Zambia, Zambia has the best surface and underground water resources in Africa, with many rivers, lakes and dams. Sharing borders with eight countries, Zambia is centrally situated as a gateway to both southern and central Africa. This location is strategically advantageous by placing Zambia in a position to exploit the growing regional markets of SADC and COMESA, and be an active participant in regional and international agriculture trade initiatives (Source: The best of Zambia). Even with resource endowment for development of a wide range crops, livestock, and fish given the diversity of its agro-ecological zones, there was lack of cultivation because initially labour was forced toward mining sector. Urbanization kept the people to cities only. There was lack of infrastructure and utilities in rural areas which imposes a higher social cost in moving towards agriculture sector. The policies which took place were directed towards the development of mining sector, neglecting agriculture. It is generally seen that the developed countries are mainly with expanding industrial sector. These developed countries have initially accumulated the surplus in agriculture sector and then invested that surplus for expansion of industrial sector. So there is need to develop agriculture initially. Zambia is rich in mineral resources. To explore the potential there is need to develop agriculture sector. In Zambia, most farmers are insecure in the ownership of the land they work in. Less than 5% of them have leasehold title for their land. Most farmers pay rent to titleholders or have some kind of sharecropping arrangement with the title owners. Others depend on land owned either by the government or private owners, or on council or forestry land for their living. Those living in areas of customary land use do not need to be consulted before mining operations are allowed, and are usually not even aware of the possibility of placing land disputes before the Lands Tribunal (MacCuish and Frankel on behalf of Halifax Initiative Coalition). The efforts of the Agriculture Department to mark off ownership and use of agricultural areas were hindered by the lack of information about who owned the land. According to report of Global Times ( 9 September 2009), The Zambian government is to devise measures that would smoothen and quicken the acquisition of title deeds by prospective land owners, this was done in a bid to empower the less privileged people to own land in the country. The poor people can use land as collateral for them to access loans for land development. According to Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Zambia (26 January 2010), â€Å"Out of 75 million hectares land of Zambia, 43 million hectares (53%) is classified as medium to high potential for agriculture production. You read "Land Acquisition in Zambia" in category "Essay examples" So far only 6. 02 (14%) of agricultural land is currently utilized. Irrigation total potential is 2. 7 million hectares out of which about 156000 hectares is under irrigation†. Framers are given a good price for grain but due to lack of market access the move is outweighed by poor infrastructure. Zambia endowed with rich natural resources needs investment by foreign investors to strengthen Zambia’s economic muscle (Zambia Mail dated May 11, 2010) Acquisition of land by the foreign investors is controversial and carriers many risks. Foreign investment can also be made through contract farming and out-growers scheme or joint venture or provision of infrastructure by the investor country. (David Hallam; 6; December, 2009) According to FAO (2001), â€Å"Contract farming can be defined as an agreement between farmers and processing/marketing firms for the production and supply of agriculture products under forward agreement, frequently at predetermined prices. The arrangements also invariably involve the purchaser in providing a degree of production support through, for example, the supply of inputs and provision of technical advice. The basis of such arrangements is a commitment on the part of the farmer to provide a specific commodity in quantities and at quality standards determined by the purchaser and a commitment on the part of the company to support the farmer’s production and to purchase the commodity†. In contract farming, farmers have to loose some freedom over the choice of crops they want to grow. The main commodities produced by small-scale farmers in Zambia under contract farming arrangements are cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar, paprika and fresh vegetables. Of late honey, livestock (pigs and dairy cattle) and organic products are also coming up. Likilunga; 3; December 2005) Nevertheless, joint ventures between foreign investors and local producers or their associations as partners might offer more spillover benefits for the host country. Mixed models are also possible with investments in a large-scale core enterprise at the centre but also involving outgrowers under contracts to supplement core production. Some governments have been active in encouraging foreign involvement in such enterprises, as in the Tanzanian sugar sector or the so-called â€Å"Farm Blocks† in Zambia (David Hallam; 6; December, 2009). Zambian government has embarked on a programme to open up viable farm blocks in various parts of country to be involved in primary production and value addition. In Farm Block Development, Government has to provide basic infrastructure such as road, bridges and electrification. The design of Farm block is as follow. There is one core venture of 10,000 Hectares with commercial farms of 1000-5000 Hectares and small holdings of 30-300 Hectares. (Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Zambia; 26 January 2010). The type of business model to be adopted depends on certain characteristics of the economy i. e. olitical and social conditions, specific circumstances, the commodity concerned etc. Land acquisition and commercialization of agriculture is favorable, when economies of scale are important or there is need for investment in infrastructure. Contract farming or outgrower scheme is desirable when there in need to involve small landholders, but in contract farming care should be taken that contracts are properly implemented and there is no exploitation of smallholders by the big firms. The litigation process in Zambia takes too long and therefore enforceability through litigation process is costly and therefore not resorted to. There is weakness of enforceability when contract is breached. Donor funding forms a big part of Zambia’s spending plan (The Africa report; October 2009). China, India, South-Korea and oil-rich gulf countries with land and water constraints are turning to Africa as food security blanket. Saudi Arabia is interested in area of agriculture in Zambia. China is proposing to acquire 5 million acres of land to grow jatropha. Jatropha is a perennial plant, which can be used as biofuel. Plantation have yield after 2-3 years. In the short run there will be loss but in long run there will be gains. Income generated from plantation will vary from year to year. Growing Jatropha needs long term investment, which is vulnerable to risk due to uncertainty in price, yield, labour cost and rate of interest. Biofuel can provide hedge against climate change. Jatropha can also be used as a substitute for expensive kerosene, fertilizer and diesel. It needs less water so there is no need of major irrigation facilities. Jatropha can be planted during spare time in idle or fallow land, for which lot of officially unused land and degraded bush land seems available. Cultivation of Jatropha on abandoned agricultural, deforested or degraded land has the potential to improve the nutrient content of the soil and reduce erosion. Thus, this may improve the value of the land. However, the expanding use of land for the Jatropha production, even though it is marginal land, could mean that people living in the area would have to find other places for collecting firewood, herbs and fields for pasture land etc. So the selection of land for production should be done very carefully. Land grab in Africa mainly for biofuels has serious implications for food security. This however but it depend on the ownership of the land and how much space the production of Jatropha takes up. Biodiesel is mainly used by developed countries. If the price of food grains increases, then the people in developing country will suffer. Food security could even decrease where land and water resources are commandeered by the international investment project at the expense of domestic smallholders or where foreign investments push up land values. There can also be worst case scenario that there is production of 100 unit’s energy biodiesel from the inputs of 127 unit’s energy. The advertising that agro-fuels will assist farmers is based on the notion that the decisions about the use of the land remain decentralized within the country. Farmers should be given free will to decide how to plant Jatropha to produce oil for lamps or sop or bio-diesel for their vehicles. But the scenario set up by the large corporations is not what is desirable. There is usurpation of huge tracts of African land for overseas consumption and if they ruin the ecosystem, they conveniently make a move to other areas (MS Zambia Newsletter August 2009). Production of Jatropha is mainly done by the Out grower schemes. It is found that mostly there were no formal contracts for production. Even if contracts exist, there was no enforcement. Even farmers are not satisfied with Outgrowing system. Firms promise to endow the farmers with technology but fail to turn up again to provide information on technical issues. Production is targeted toward export and fails to benefit Zambian people. This can be confirmed by the fact that there exist no refineries in Zambia. There is need to set up a monitoring committee which can observe that all the contracts taking place are implemented. Strict actions should be taken if contracts are not enforced. The land grabbing has become very sophisticated and the poor are bound to suffer. There is need to lobby government for some policy changes. Civil societies should come up for the benefit of small holders and there is need to sensitize and assist the poor access and legally own land. Building the capacity of small scale farmers and their organizations to be part of the new agribusiness dispensation through direct investments as well as in partnership with foreign investors is desirable. There is need to empower the rural communities’ access and communally own land through ‘Community land titles’ to protect them in the future land concessions. (MS Zambia Newsletter August 2009). There is need by government to put more conducive environment by setting up â€Å"small claims courts’. There is need for further training of small-scale farmers so that they can develop skills in negotiating for good prices for their commodities. (Likilunga; 12; December 2005) â€Å"Extensive control of land by other countries can also raise questions of political interference and influence. (David Hallam; December 2009). Government maintains secrecy in the deals involving foreign investors. This lack in transparency undermines government accountability and gives an opportunity for corruption. Some recently reported land deals were associated with allegations that investors had paid cash or in-kind contributions to business or other activities run by high government officials or even the president in a personal capacity (e. g. Hervieu, 2009), even where private ownership is formally recognized most of the land is controlled by state (Cotula, Vermulen, Leonard and Keeley; 69; 2009). It has been seen that incomes are very unevenly distributed in Zambia. â€Å"Bottom 80% of populations in terms of earning are reported to have acquired only 31. 3% of total income, while the top 20% of population claimed 68. 87% of total income†. (Zambian Economist, 31 May, 2008). Non availability of written agreement on land acquisition has created disputes in some settlement area. A vigorous consultative process on land acquisition has to be adopted o minimize these land disputes. It is required to have all the deals in the written form. Appropriate Resettlement policy should be in place and adequate compensation should be give to the displaced farmers. Farmers generally practice subsistence farming and the land of cultivation is scattered. Most of the rural population keeps on migrating within the country. The liberalization of the agriculture sector and other reforms in Zambia, were accompanied by the decline in cultivated land and maize production. The proportion of households selling to the market and concentration of serves in central areas was also reduced. (Sangrario Floro and Schaefer: 84; fall 1998). With privatization, subsistence farmers have to move out. Before the reforms, Government bore all the transportation expenses both within and between regions and gave huge fertilizer subsidy so the prices of food grain as same for all producers. After reforms of 1990s, it was found that the cost of production has increased drastically because of high transportation costs and removal of subsidies for fertilizer, forcing farmers to sell at farm gate only. Thus the supply to market was nil. Evidence can be taken from the copper mines in Zambia, which was privatized in 1991. Large tract of land was required for development of new mines. There was often negotiation with local chiefs for land. Local people were persuaded on the trust that they will be relocated to other areas. Most often interest of local people was in variance with that of investors. Sometimes the local chiefs enter into secret deals with investors and accepted bribes as an inducement to persuade their subjects to acquiesce to investors’ demands. Impact of large scale mining on local community has been negative. There were social conflicts, destruction of livelihood, dislocation and displacement of local communities and environment degradation (Simutanya, ISS paper 165; July 2008). In case of foreign investments, it is noticed that Zambians were not given many job opportunities and people were placed from permanent to rolling contracts leading to casualization of labour. If agriculture land is given in foreign hands, it can lead to similar consequences. Foreign investors are driven by profit motive. They generally us capital intensive techniques driving labour out of work force. They also try to minimize wages to capture more profits in their hands. Profit, rather than having any impact on Zambia economy, is placed in banks or re-invested in companies outside the country. But it is also seen that with privatization, all workers came as a union, there was increase in the minimum wages. It can also be expected from agriculture sector. If all agricultural workers work in a huge tract of land then even they can coordinate themselves and demand for better wages and better working conditions. ). The economical benefits were also marginal, leading to large inequalities. In 2009, more than 80% of Zambia’s foreign exchange earnings and 15. 9% of GDP came from copper mining. (iol. co. a: Zambia copper mines: More local benefits urged; April 2010). In 2006, the contribution of mining to PAYE[1] was 54%, to VAT[2] was 45% and to employment generation was 58%. (Source: Zambia Development Authority). But Zambia fails to influence World market prices. (Source: www1. america. edu) Fluctuations in copper prices can impact the whole economy. So there is need to develop agriculture sector also as a safety net. But in which direction policy should be made is yet to be decided. The policy recommendations should be such that it should not affect the social and environmental climate of the country. How to cite Land Acquisition in Zambia, Essay examples

The Snowman Tradition free essay sample

He was always lopsided. That was inevitable. But we were always proud, just the same. We made him from our own hands, and he never looked half-bad, if I don’t say so myself. Sure, his eyes bulged from his head, and yes, his face was unnaturally round, his nose absurdly pointed, and his arms unrealistically thin. He was a caricature of life, but we marveled at him, our creation. It used to be that every winter, my siblings and I would build a snowman in our backyard. Mom would mention in passing that the backyard was looking mighty empty, after the first big snowfall, and we would all take the hint, throw on our snow gear, and race out into the glaring white of a new winter. Constructing a snowman is an art form. It takes care and patience. One starts by packing a snowball, and then rolling it in the fresh snow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Snowman Tradition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like blowing up a balloon, the ball magically grows larger. My sibling and I would race to see who could make theirs the largest, although an occasional snowball fight would breakout to divert us from our initial goal. Eventually, a winner was declared, and their giant snowball was used as our base. After this original competition phase, it was all teamwork. My twin brother Evan and I would take the runner-up snowball, it being the second largest, and balance it on the base. The perfect torso. My older brother Stephen would pack snow between the spaces, while my sister got water to cement the newly packed snow. The process was repeated using another snowball for the head. Two branches were then crudely shoved into the sides for arms. Rocks from below the porch formed a crooked smile, a row of buttons, and a pair of mischievous eyes. A carrot for a nose sealed the deal. At the culmination of these initial efforts, we tossed a bucket of water over our snowman for permanency, giving him an icy coating that shone in the light. A scarf and mittens introduced a human touch to our cold friend. We would stand back, hands on our hips, and marvel at our collective efforts. Hot chocolate back at the house was our final reward. This snowman making process was a tradition throughout my childhood. One winter, however, we stopped; we were too old, it was too much work, it had lost its appeal. Next, sledding was abandoned, and then, we stopped going out into the snow at all. We didn’t gain an abhorrence of winter. We were growing up, and more significantly, growing apart. And I hated it. So last year, I revitalized the snowman tradition. I tried to recruit fellow constructors, but they were engaged in other pursuits. So I wandered out into the snow alone, and I built the base. I squatted down and rolled my ever-growing snowball across the backyard, leaving a trail in my wake. I made a torso, and a head. I stuck in the branches, and the stones, and the carrot. I threw a bucket of water over my creation, and donned a baseball cap on his head. Finished, I took off my mittens, gladly gave them to the snowman, and stepped back to admire my handiwork. It took a lot longer alone, than it did as a team. My snowman was especially lopsided and pathetic, but of course, I was proud of him. Mom snapped a picture, a lasting reminder of my efforts. I love my family, and I have felt that we have always been close. My siblings and I are similar in age, and we have developed close bonds with each other. My efforts to revitalize the snowman tradition reflect who I am: caring, hardworking, and maybe just a tad sentimental. I have voiced my concerns to my siblings about the growing distance between us, and I continually try to bring us back together, be it through a trip to the movies, or an occasional card game. I only need to think back to our winters together and our exploits throughout the years to remember why I want to rekindle our connection. The winter is fast approaching, especially up here in Connecticut. Perhaps you’ll find a snowman in our backyard this year, after the first big snowfall. I’m confident it will have been made by more hands than one.